Research and Innovation

This paper presentation investigates the concept of "bonding" through indexicality in membership registration confirmations and order acknowledgments via email from companies in the United States and Japan. These texts are part of a larger corpus of business email correspondence collected by the author in 2011-2017. The research builds upon recent papers on the topic of "bonding" as analyzed from theoretical perspectives such as stance-taking (Jaffe 2009), positioning (Bamberg 1997, 2004), and the concept of “ba” from emancipatory pragmatics (Fujii 2012). These two sub-genres of discourse are highlighted for several reasons. First, they are essential to the establishment of a "relationship" via email between company and customer, even though most of these texts were probably auto-generated upon receipt of a membership registration or placement of an order. Moreover, the regularity with which American and Japanese companies disseminate such emails allows us to perceive the generic conventions at work in the two languages, and in particular to identify the range of indexical expressions used to point to referents in the discourse. Finally, these emails reveal that the discursive practices with respect to indexicality differ in these contexts, with person deixis predominating in English, and social deixis in Japanese. Wetzel (2011) and Dean (2009) have demonstrated the fundamental importance of pronouns such as "you" in public signs and advertising texts in English. In contrast, Ide and Ueno (2011) have underscored the importance of linguistic expressions such as nouns with honorific prefixes and honorific predicative elements, which reflect the concepts wakimae ("discernment") and ba ("field"), when Japanese "place themselves in relation to the[ir] addressees in daily practice." This paper illustrates the indexical process of "bonding" between company and customer through these respective linguistic techniques in Japanese and American English business discourse.

The dissertation starts with a historical and philosophical survey to understand the etymological sense of the word and to see how ethical values, law norms, cultural and social aspects have transformed the concept accordingly.Such universal theme is seen through various scholars’ perspectives from ancient Greek pre-socratic philosopher Zenone di Elea to the contemporary American philosopher Martha Nussbaum and the Indian economist Amartya Sen that decline such complex term with the ability to reason, living a good life, democracy and equality, with the access to health, education and income. The research continues with an interview to four different groups of people: elementary school children, teenagers, adults and over 65 persons that answer to a few questions about examples of recognition, denial and improvement of dignity in their lives. In the last part of the survey five adults are interviewed about dignity at work with a series of questions ranging from their role inside the company, their relationships with staff and management, information, support, wellness, safety at workplace. Five more people are interviewed on their health experiences with physicians and at the hospital to get their feedback on help, practical information, wellness and empathy. Such analysis is deepened at school with five teachers’ interview on their approach to teaching attitudes, agreement on education vision and mission, collaborative approach with the principal staff and student care, respect, tolerance, inclusion, sense of community. Another group of five adults have responded to questions related to family relationships, transmitted values, use of technology, family lifestyle, freedom, privacy, sharing perspectives and mutual respect. Data analysis and comments conclude the study.

El periodo que aquí se estudia abarca desde 1520 hasta 1572, gira en torno a las primeras colonias fundadas en Norteamérica que fueron las de Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón y Pedro Menéndez de Avilés.

The study focuses on the ways in which these Hispanic artists use linguistic and stylistic resources within a heteroglossic framework to perform resistance identities while highlighting the differences and similarities between first and second-generation immigrant participants. The speakers' linguistic and textual displays in Instagram are geared by and express translocal affective and sociocultural alignments and affinities while resisting hegemonic ideologies of racial categorization and stigmatization of Latinxs in the US. Theoretically and methodologically the investigationstudy draws on sociolinguistics, language ideologies, critical race theory, and discourse analysis. Special attention is given to aspects of translocality and Hip-Hop Nation Language (HHNL, Alim, 2009), agency, and the ways in which they themselves make sense of and account for their actions through linguistic awareness. Within a mixed-methodology framework, this study criticizes the use of Computer Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software (CAQDAS) and highlights the analytical usefulness of triangulation.

This review discusses a number of recent studies focusing on the role of phonological and morphological structure in lexical access of Russian words by non-native speakers. This research suggests that late second language (L2) learners differ from native speakers of Russian in several ways: Lower-proficiency L2 learners rely on unfaithful, or fuzzy, phonological representations of words, which are caused either by problems with encoding difficult phonological contrasts, such as hard and soft consonants, or by uncertainty about the phonological form and form-meaning mappings for low-frequency words. In processing morphologically complex inflected words, L2 learners rely on decomposition to access the lexical meaning through the stem and may ignore the information carried by the inflection. The reviewed findings have broader implications for the understanding of nonnative word recognition, and the role of L2 proficiency in lexical processing.

Two auditory lexical decision tasks explore the role of case form (citation or oblique) and the type of inflection (overt or zero). In native speakers, the study reports an additional processing cost for both overtly and zero-inflected oblique-case nouns compared to the same nouns in the citation form. It is interpreted as the cost of checking the recomposed word within the inflectional paradigm rather than the cost of affix stripping, because there is no affix to strip in zero-inflected words. Conversely, nonnative speakers of Russian in Experiment 1 do not show additional processing costs either for case form or inflection type, which suggests that they do not process the morphological information encoded in the inflection. In Experiment 2, we add a new manipulation to the nonword condition such that the nonwords illegally combine real stems and real inflections to emphasize the need for processing the inflection. This time, nonnative speakers show additional processing costs for oblique-case nouns, and their sensitivity to case increases with proficiency, with only high-proficiency nonnative speakers demonstrating native-like sensitivity. We show that citation forms are processed faster than oblique forms regardless of inflection, and that nonnative speakers’ engagement of morphological information is task and proficiency-dependent.

For several decades, researchers have studied the field of heritage language (HL) teaching and learning. The intention of this review is to analyze these studies in order to find broader and more specific applications to inform the current situation in the Hebrew class. These ap- plications are limited for several reasons. First, virtually all HL studies focus on the children of immigrants who speak or are learning the new region’s majority language while attempting to preserve their HL (usually their home language). Most young American Hebrew learners, apart from a number of children of Israeli immigrants, speak English as their home and first language (L1). Second, though prior studies of HL learning are numerous, the research usually consists of qualitative case studies focusing on one aspect of learning (for example, attitudes toward the teacher, reactions to class activities, or parental influences on learning). There is very little in-depth analysis or connection of results and implications. Third, “He- brew” is an umbrella term1 that includes biblical, liturgical, literary, modern and other genres and uses of the language and that can be meaningful for social, communal, reli- gious, affective, nostalgic, nationalistic, and instrumental reasons. It is difficult to pinpoint which Hebrew we can study and compare to other HLs.

For intermediate to advanced learners of Japanese, developing sociocultural competence in the use of Japanese politeness strategies is a well-documented challenge. As Wetzel (2011) points out, however, cultural artifacts such as public signs in Japan may be utilized effectively to illustrate contrasts in sonkeigo (honorific polite) vs. kenjōgo (humble polite) usage, and more broadly speaking, to elucidate the many ways in which the Japanese politeness system indexically points to one or more referents in a given interaction without the use of pronouns. That is, keigo (polite language) inherently demonstrates social deixis. This point is a fundamental one for students to grasp if they are to become adept interpreters and users of keigo expressions. This paper presentation discusses an approach adopted in a hybrid Japanese linguistics and Japanese business language course in which business e-mails in the author’s corpus from a variety of firms such as Amazon Japan, Starbucks, bookstores, and other online vendors were used to illustrate contextualized forms of sonkeigo and kenjōgo. Through a number of reading and discussion exercises, students first learned to identify keigo forms in sample texts, then developed a receptive understanding of keigo usage and meaning in those texts, and finally moved on to acquire more active skills in adopting appropriate keigo forms in their speech and writing in business contexts. Such exercises are particularly useful in demonstrating to students how Japanese keigo expressions already encode information about the referent(s) of an utterance, thereby rendering the use of personal referents such as anata (you), watashi (I), the company name, and even an addressee’s name superfluous in e-mail discourse. In the process, learners develop a socioculturally grounded knowledge of this discourse genre (Berkenkotter and Huckin 1995, Yoshimi 2008), along with a newfound confidence in utilizing keigo.

In this monograph, Julie Koser sheds new light on how women’s bodies became a battleground for competing social, cultural, and political agendas in one of the most pivotal periods of modern history. She traces the women warriors in this work as reflections of the social and political climate in German-speaking lands, and she reveals how literary texts and cultural artifacts that highlight women’s armed insurrection perpetuated the false dichotomy of "public" versus "private" spheres along a gendered fault line. Koser illuminates how reactionary visions of "ideal femininity" competed with subversive fantasies of new femininities in the ideological battle being waged over the restructuring of German society.

The Routledge Handbook of Hispanic Applied Linguistics provides a comprehensive overview of Hispanic applied linguistics, allowing students to understand the field from a variety of perspectives and offering insight into the ever-growing number of professional opportunities afforded to Spanish language program graduates. The goal of this book is to re-contextualize the notion of applied linguistics as simply the application of theoretical linguistic concepts to practical settings and to consider it as its own field that addresses language-based issues and problems in a real-world context. The book is organized into five parts: 1) perspectives on learning Spanish 2) issues and environments in Spanish teaching 3) Spanish in the professions 4) the discourses of Spanish and 5) social and political contexts for Spanish. The book’s all-inclusive coverage gives students the theoretical and sociocultural context for study in Hispanic applied linguistics while offering practical information on its application in the professional sector.