University of Maryland School of Languages, Literatures, and Cultures Home

We recruited a total of 209 in-person and 209 crowdsourced participants for comparison. Both groups completed the short versions of the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale and the Foreign Language Enjoyment Scale, provided their demographic and language learning background information, and completed the LexTALE test. Measurement invariance testing revealed that most (sub)constructs exhibited partial or full invariance, indicating stability in the measurement systems across both data collection settings. However, crowdsourced participants reported higher enjoyment and lower anxiety than in-person participants. These differences can be attributed to the more relaxed mental state of the crowdsourced participants who completed the survey outside of the classroom. 

Caleidoscopio es una ventana a los esplendores secretos del mundo de Carmen Benito-Vessels en 49 narraciones ––algunas cuentos, otras ejercicios de memoria, algunas más observaciones sobre lo que no se entiende del mundo, pero debería entenderse—. Esta colección es un fichero de historias, a menudo hilarantes y siempre agudas, en las que una mente curiosa y elegante medita sobre lo chico en lo grande, sobre lo que solo se puede encontrar entrelíneas, sobre lo que da claridad entre la opacidad de lo grandilocuente. Si leer ficción es siempre una necesidad crítica ––leyendo aprendemos maneras nuevas de pensar–– y una empresa estética ––ciertas escrituras nos dan placer––, en Caleidoscopio de Carmen Benito-Vessels el placer critico viene de la posibilidad de ver al mundo desde un lugar que hace brillar lo que muestra.

Grupo Editorial Círculo Rojo SL (December 30, 2024)

One challenge of learning a second or additional language (L2C) is learning to perceive and interpret its sounds. This includes acquiring the target language (TL) contrastive phonemic inventory, the sounds’ systematic behavior
in the TL phonology, and novel relationships between spelling and sound (GPCs; grapheme-phoneme correspondences). Many perception tasks require  stipulation of written labels for target speech sounds (e.g., phoneme detection). Listening for this target is not necessarily, or even frequently, an equivalent cognitive task between participant groups. The incongruence of phonological and orthographic domains and their GPCs poses a methodological challenge for L2C research. The author argues that phoneme detection tasks should avoid the phone of investigative interest (x) as the direct target of listener attention and redirect focus to an adjacent listening target (y). Ideally, this target should not trigger or otherwise be implicated in the phonological process or phonotactic
constraint under investigation. The careful choice of listening target (y) with both a familiar sound and a congruent orthographic label for both (or all) language groups of the experiment yields an equivalent task and better indicates implicit knowledge of the phenomenon under study. This approach opens up potential choices of phonological objects of interest (x). The two phoneme detection experiments reported here employ this novel adjacent-congruent listening target approach, which the author calls the Persean approach. Experiment 1 establishes baseline performance in two assimilation types and replicates processing inhibition in first-language (L1) German speakers in response to violations of regressive nasal assimilation. It also uses [t] as the Persean listening target to test sensitivity to preceding violations of progressive dorsal fricative assimilation (DFA). Experiment 2 investigates sensitivity to violations of DFA in both L1 German speakers and L1 English L2C German learners. Experiment 2 also uses the Persean method for the first phoneme detection investigation demonstrating sensitivity to violation of a prosodic/phonotactic constraint banning /h/ in syllable codas. The study demonstrates that phoneme detection with Persean listening targets is a viable instrument for investigating regressive and progressive assimilation, prosodic/phonotactic constraints, and prelexical perceptual repair strategies in different language background groups and proposes statistical best practices for future phoneme detection research.